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💊 SACUBITRIL AND VALSARTAN

☠ BLACK BOX WARNING
Generic: SACUBITRIL AND VALSARTAN
ORAL FDA Label
☠
FDA BLACK BOX WARNING

WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY • When pregnancy is detected, discontinue Sacubitril and Valsartan Tablets as soon as possible. (5.1) • Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus. (5.1) WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY See full prescribing informati…

Quick reference
RouteORAL
ManufacturerXLCare Pharmaceuticals Inc
SourceFDA Label
✅ Indications & Usage ›

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Sacubitril and valsartan tablets are a combination of sacubitril, a neprilisin inhibitor, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, and sacubitril and valsartan tablets are indicated: • to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adult patients with chronic heart failure. Benefits are most clearly evident in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below normal. ( 1.1 ) • for the treatment of symptomatic heart failure with systemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in pediatric patients aged one year and older. Sacubitril and valsartan reduces NT-proBNP and is expected to improve cardiovascular outcomes. ( 1.2 )

1.1 Adult Heart Failure Sacubitril and valsartan tablets are indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adult patients with chronic heart failure. Benefits are most clearly evident in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below normal. LVEF is a variable measure, so use clinical judgment in deciding whom to treat [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] .

1.2 Pediatric Heart Failure Sacubitril and valsartan tablets are indicated for the treatment of symptomatic heart failure with systemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in pediatric patients aged one year and older. Sacubitril and valsartan tablets reduces NT-proBNP and is expected to improve cardiovascular outcomes.

💉 Dosage & Administration ›

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • The recommended starting dosage for adults is 49 mg/51 mg orally twice daily. The target maintenance dose is 97 mg/103 mg orally twice daily. ( 2.2 ) • Adjust adult doses every 2 to 4 weeks to the target maintenance dose, as tolerated by the patient. ( 2.2 ) • For pediatric patients, see the Full Prescribing Information for recommended dosage, titrations, preparation and administration instructions. ( 2.3 , 2.4 ) • Reduce starting dose to half the usually recommended starting dosage for: o patients not currently taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) or previously taking a low dose of these agents. ( 2.6 ) o patients with severe renal impairment. ( 2.7 ) o patients with moderate hepatic impairment. ( 2.8 )

2.1 General Considerations Sacubitril and valsartan tablets are contraindicated with concomitant use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. If switching from an ACE inhibitor to sacubitril and valsartan tablets allow a washout period of 36 hours between administration of the two drugs [see Contraindications ( 4 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )].

2.2 Adult Heart Failure The recommended starting dose of sacubitril and valsartan tablets are 49/51 mg orally twice-daily. Double the dose of sacubitril and valsartan tablets after 2 to 4 weeks to the target maintenance dose of 97/103 mg twice daily, as tolerated by the patient.

2.3 Pediatric Heart Failure For the recommended dosage for pediatric patients aged 1 year and older, refer to Table 1 if using the tablets. Take the recommended dose orally twice daily. Adjust pediatric patient doses every 2 weeks, as tolerated by the patient. Table 1: Recommended Dose and Titration for Pediatric Patients Using Tablets Weight (kg) Titration Step Dose (twice daily) Starting Second Final Less than 40 kg † 1.6 mg/kg 2.3 mg/kg 3.1 mg/kg At least 40 kg, less than 50 kg 24 mg/26 mg 49 mg/51 mg 72 mg/78 mg ‡ At least 50 kg 49 m... [See full FDA label]

🚫 Contraindications ›

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Sacubitril and valsartan tablets are contraindicated: • in patients with hypersensitivity to any component • in patients with a history of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • with concomitant use of ACE inhibitors. Do not administer within 36 hours of switching from or to an ACE inhibitor [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] • with concomitant use of aliskiren in patients with diabetes [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] Hypersensitivity to any component. ( 4 ) History of angioedema related to previous ACEi or ARB therapy. ( 4 ) Concomitant use with ACE inhibitors. ( 4 , 7.1 ) Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes. ( 4 , 7.1 )

⚠️ Warnings & Precautions ›

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Observe for signs and symptoms of angioedema and hypotension. ( 5.2 , 5.3 ) • Monitor renal function and potassium in susceptible patients. ( 5.4 , 5.5 )

5.1 Fetal Toxicity Sacubitril and valsartan tablets can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. When pregnancy is detected, consider alternative drug treatment and discontinue sacubitril and valsartan tablets. However, if there is no appropriate alternative to therapy with drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system, and if the drug is considered lifesaving for the mother, advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )].

5.2 Angioedema Sacubitril and valsartan tablets may cause angioedema [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . If angioedema occurs, discontinue sacubitril and valsartan tablets immediately, provide appropriate therapy, and monitor for airway compromise. Sacubitril and valsartan tablets must not be re-administered. In cases of confirmed angioedema where swelling has been confined to the face and lips, the condition has generally resolved without treatment, although antihistamines have been useful in relieving symptoms. Angioedema associated with laryngeal edema may be fatal. Where there is involvement of the tongue, glottis or larynx, likely to cause airway obstruction, administer appropriate therapy, e.g., subcutaneous epinephrine/adrenaline solution 1:1000 (0.3 mL to 0.5 mL) and take measures necessary to ensure maintenance of a patent airway. Sacubitril and valsartan tablets has been associated with a higher rate of angioedema in Black than in non-Black patients. Patients with a prior history of angioedema may be at increased risk of angioedema with sacubitril and valsartan tablets [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . S... [See full FDA label]

🔴 Adverse Reactions ›

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Clinically significant adverse reactions that appear in other sections of the labeling include: • Angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] • Impaired Renal Function [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Adverse reactions occurring greater than or equal to 5% are hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, dizziness, and renal failure. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact XLCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-866-495-1995 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. A total of 6,622 heart failure patients were treated with sacubitril and valsartan in the PARADIGM-HF (vs. enalapril) and PARAGON-HF (vs. valsartan) clinical trials. Of these, 5,085 were exposed for at least 1 year. Adult Heart Failure In PARADIGM-HF, patients were required to complete sequential enalapril and sacubitril and valsartan tablets run-in periods of (median) 15 and 29 days, respectively, prior to entering the randomized double-blind period comparing sacubitril and valsartan tablets and enalapril. During the enalapril run-in period, 1,102 patients (10.5%) were permanently discontinued from the study, 5.6% because of an adverse event, most commonly renal dysfunction (1.7%), hyperkalemia (1.7%) and hypotension (1.4%). During the sacubitril and valsartan tablets run-in period, an additional 10.4% of patients permanently discontinued treatment, 5.9% because of an adverse event, most commonly renal dysfunction (1.8%), hypotension (1.7%) and hyperkalemia (1.3%). Because of this run-in design, the adverse reaction rates described below are lower than expected in... [See full FDA label]

💊 Drug Interactions ›

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS • Avoid concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60. ( 7.1 ) • Potassium-sparing diuretics: May lead to increased serum potassium. ( 7.2 ) • Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): May lead to increased risk of renal impairment. ( 7.3 ) • Lithium: Increased risk of lithium toxicity. ( 7.4 )

7.1 Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Concomitant use of sacubitril and valsartan tablets with an ACE inhibitor is contraindicated because of the increased risk of angioedema [see Contraindications ( 4 )] . Avoid use of sacubitril and valsartan tablets with an ARB, because sacubitril and valsartan tablets contains the angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan. The concomitant use of sacubitril and valsartan tablets with aliskiren is contraindicated in patients with diabetes [see Contraindications ( 4 )] . Avoid use with aliskiren in patients with renal impairment (eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²).

7.2 Potassium-Sparing Diuretics As with other drugs that block angiotensin II or its effects, concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride), potassium supplements, or salt substitutes containing potassium may lead to increases in serum potassium [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )].

7.3 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Including Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors (COX-2 Inhibitors) In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, concomitant use of NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors, with sacubitril and valsartan tablets may result in worsening of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible. Monitor renal function periodically.

7.4 Lithium Increases in serum lithium concentrations and lithium toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin II ... [See full FDA label]

🤰 Pregnancy ›

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Sacubitril and valsartan tablets can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death (see Clinical Considerations ). Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents. In animal reproduction studies, Sacubitril and valsartan tablets treatment during organogenesis resulted in increased embryo-fetal lethality in rats and rabbits and teratogenicity in rabbits (see Data) . When pregnancy is detected, consider alternative drug treatment and discontinue sacubitril and valsartan tablets. However, if there is no appropriate alternative to therapy with drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system, and if the drug is considered lifesaving for the mother, advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to the fetus. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Oligohydramnios in pregnant women who use drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy can result in the following: reduced fetal renal function leading to anuria and renal failure, fetal lung hypoplasia, skeletal deformations, including skull hypoplasia, hypotension, and death. Perform serial ultrasound examinations to assess the intra-amniotic environment. Fetal testing may be appropriate, based on the week of gest... [See full FDA label]

👶 Pediatric Use ›

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of sacubitril and valsartan tablets have been established for the treatment of heart failure in pediatric patients 1 year to less than 18 years. Use of sacubitril and valsartan tablets was evaluated in a multinational, randomized, double-blind trial comparing sacubitril and valsartan tablets and enalapril in 375 patients aged 1 month to less than 18 years (sacubitril and valsartan tablets n = 187; Enalapril n = 188) (PANORAMA-HF) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. The safety profile in pediatric patients (1 year to less than 18 years) receiving sacubitril and valsartan tablets was similar to that seen in adult patients. Limited safety and efficacy data in patients aged 1 month to less than 1 year were inadequate to support conclusions on safety and efficacy in this age group. Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data Sacubitril given orally to juvenile rats from postnatal day (PND) 7 to PND 35 or PND 70 (an age approximately equivalent to neonatal through pre-pubertal development or adulthood in humans) at doses greater than or equal to 400 mg/kg/day (approximately 2-fold the AUC exposure to the active metabolite of sacubitril, LBQ657, at an sacubitril and valsartan tablets pediatric clinical dose of 3.1 mg/kg twice daily) resulted in decreases in body weight, bone length, and bone mass. The decrease in body weight was transient from PND 10 to PND 20 and the effects for most bone parameters were reversible after treatment stopped. Exposure at the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of 100 mg/kg/day was approximately 0.5-fold the AUC exposure to LBQ657 at the 3.1 mg/kg twice daily dose of sacubitril and valsartan tablets.The mechanism underlying bone effects in rats and the translatability to pediatric patients are unknown. Valsartan given orally to juvenile rats from PND 7 to PND 70 (an age approximately equivalent to neonatal through adulthood in humans) produced persistent, irreversible kidney damage at all dose levels. Exposu... [See full FDA label]

👴 Geriatric Use ›

8.5 Geriatric Use There were 4,143 and 3,971 heart failure patients 65 years of age and older in PARADIGM-HF and PARAGON-HF, respectively [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Of the total number of sacubitril and valsartan tablets-treated patients, 2,087 (49.6%) and 1,995 (82.9%) were 65 years of age and older, while 786 (18.7%) and 1,100 (45.7%) were 75 years of age and older in PARADIGM-HF and PARAGON-HF, respectively. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness of sacubitril and valsartan tablets have been observed between patients 65 years of age and older and younger adult patients in either study. No relevant pharmacokinetic differences have been observed in elderly (≥65 years) or very elderly (≥75 years) patients compared to the overall population [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

🔬 Mechanism of Action ›

12.1 Mechanism of Action Sacubitril and valsartan tablets contains a neprilysin inhibitor, sacubitril, and an angiotensin receptor blocker, valsartan. Sacubitril and valsartan tablets inhibits neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase; NEP) via LBQ657, the active metabolite of the prodrug sacubitril, and blocks the angiotensin II type-1 (AT 1 ) receptor via valsartan. The cardiovascular and renal effects of sacubitril and valsartan tablets in heart failure patients are attributed to the increased levels of peptides that are degraded by neprilysin, such as natriuretic peptides, by LBQ657, and the simultaneous inhibition of the effects of angiotensin II by valsartan. Valsartan inhibits the effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the AT 1 receptor, and also inhibits angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone release.

📊 Pharmacokinetics ›

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following oral administration, Sacubitril and valsartan tablets dissociates into sacubitril and valsartan. Sacubitril is further metabolized to LBQ657. The peak plasma concentrations of sacubitril, LBQ657, and valsartan are reached in 0.5 hours, 2 hours, and 1.5 hours, respectively. The oral absolute bioavailability of sacubitril is estimated to be greater than or equal to 60%. The valsartan in sacubitril and valsartan tablets is more bioavailable than the valsartan in other marketed tablet formulations; 26 mg, 51 mg, and 103 mg of valsartan in sacubitril and valsartan tablets is equivalent to 40 mg, 80 mg, and 160 mg of valsartan in other marketed tablet formulations, respectively. Following twice-daily dosing of sacubitril and valsartan tablets, steady-state levels of sacubitril, LBQ657, and valsartan are reached in 3 days. At steady state, sacubitril and valsartan do not accumulate significantly, whereas LBQ657 accumulates by 1.6-fold. Sacubitril and valsartan tablets administration with food has no clinically significant effect on the systemic exposures of sacubitril, LBQ657, or valsartan. Although there is a decrease in exposure to valsartan when sacubitril and valsartan tablets is administered with food, this decrease is not accompanied by a clinically significant reduction in the therapeutic effect. Sacubitril and valsartan tablets can therefore be administered with or without food. Distribution Sacubitril, LBQ657 and valsartan are highly bound to plasma proteins (94% to 97%). Based on the comparison of plasma and CSF exposures, LBQ657 crosses the blood brain barrier to a limited extent (0.28%). The average apparent volumes of distribution of valsartan and sacubitril are 75 and 103 L, respectively. Metabolism Sacubitril is readily converted to LBQ657 by esterases; LBQ657 is not further metabolized to a significant extent. Valsartan is minimally metabolized; only about 20% of the dose is recovered as metabolites. A hydroxyl met... [See full FDA label]

☠️ Overdosage ›

10 OVERDOSAGE Limited data are available with regard to overdosage in human subjects with sacubitril and valsartan tablets. In healthy volunteers, a single dose of sacubitril and valsartan tablets 583 mg sacubitril/617 mg valsartan, and multiple doses of 437 mg sacubitril/463 mg valsartan (14 days) have been studied and were well tolerated. Hypotension is the most likely result of overdosage due to the blood pressure lowering effects of sacubitril and valsartan tablets. Symptomatic treatment should be provided. Sacubitril and valsartan tablets is unlikely to be removed by hemodialysis because of high protein binding.

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